Guide to Vulnerability Assessment and its Remediation

A vulnerability in your network, as described by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.) is “a weakness in an information system, system security procedures, internal controls, or implementation that could be exploited by a threat source.”

Why is Vulnerability Assessment crucially important for your organization?
Neglecting the cybersecurity of an organization can bring immeasurable consequences, costing them years of efficiency and growth. It’s not just the annual revenue they lose out on, but their reputation in the industry as well as their loyal clientele. Regular employment of vulnerability assessment tools can save organizations not only their funds but their invaluable data and credibility. Once the vulnerability is analyzed, the changes can be implemented to minimize the threat and ensure the complete security of the network. These changes can vary from installing tools to opening new ports, or sometimes even moving the whole network to the cloud.

How do Cyber-Smart companies safeguard their system?
Above all, the first thing that cyber-smart companies recognize is how cybercriminals all around the world see their network loopholes as desserts they can devour. They constantly scrutinize the internet for weaknesses that can also turn out to be a weak spot in your network. Cyber-smart companies understand the value of assessing these vulnerable points before they fall victim to cybercrime. Certainly, there are numerous viruses and vulnerabilities out there that are fully capable of threatening a business’ growth.

As per Gartner “30% of critical infrastructure organizations will experience a security breach by 2025”.
Let’s cut to the chase and see how cyber-smart companies proactively detect their vulnerabilities and take major decisions to remediate their risks.

Choosing Vulnerability Assessment Along with Penetration Test
There is a significant difference between vulnerability assessment and penetration test. Let us explain to you what makes these two processes differ from each other, and why are they both equally important to keep the hackers at bay.

As the name suggests, Vulnerability Assessment is a test for the assessment of vulnerabilities in the network. But what’s the catch? It is a completely automated test that generates a report at the end of its implementation. Whereas, Penetration Testing is a manual process that depends on the knowledge and expertise of the penetration tester. An expert Penetration Tester can identify the vulnerabilities in an organization’s system that an automated Vulnerability Assessment might miss.

When companies combine these two processes, they get the benefit of both automated and manual analysis of their network, helping them elevate their system’s protection to the tee.

Manage Security Threats As Per The Effect They Can Have On Your Organization
Yes, priority is the key here.
We all know that not every organization has the funds to invest in cybersecurity, and one cannot expect small businesses to monitor their IT systems around the clock. Nonetheless, no organization can afford to turn a blind eye to the substantially increasing cyber-threats. Dodging the bullet of serious cyber damage is necessary and protecting some of your assets a little more than others can go a long way.

Let’s determine which assets need remediation to their vulnerability ASAP:

1. Database containing sensitive information about your company.

2. All the internet-facing servers and systems.

3. Your employees’ laptops, especially for Phishing attacks.

4. Applications that directly face your customers.

Prioritizing and remedying can be a bit tricky, but the good part is — you do not have to do everything yourself. You can easily outsource quality service from industry experts. One such expert cybersecurity service provider is Cyberware AI. It is the U.S. military-registered Cybersecurity vendor that offers various services like Vulnerability Assessment, Vulnerability Management, Penetration Test, Phishing Test, and more. Cyberware AI also provides Security Gap Assessment and Security Awareness training for your team. Be it a small business or a large enterprise, their AI-powered technologies offer accurate precautions for organizations of all sizes.

LED Lighting Terms Everyone Should Know

Basic lighting terminology
Light emitting diode (LED)
LED (short for Light Emitting Diode) is a two-LED semiconductor light source that emits light when an electric current is passed through it. During this process, energy is released in the form of photons. Without getting too technical, what you really need to know is that LEDs are more efficient at converting energy into light compared to incandescent and fluorescent models. Consuming less energy, LEDs last much longer and don’t generate as much heat as traditional picture lights, for example.

Built-in LEDs allow you to get a thin profile with a thickness of 1/2′′. Today, more and more lighting fixtures use built-in LEDs. These are LEDs built into the luminaire on a permanent basis, as opposed to devices with removable LED lamps. The advantage of built-in LEDs is that they allow lighting manufacturers to create sleeker and thinner fixtures. With a thickness of less than 1.5 cm, these innovative LED models can be installed in places where no other recessed luminaire can. For example, a lot of LED users like to install them to highlight art, and all modern picture lighting is based on a LED lighting.

So how long do LEDs last? A very long time! Most LED bulbs typically last between 25,000 and 50,000 hours. For comparison, a typical incandescent lamp lasts about 1,000 hours, up to a maximum of 2,000 hours. LED lighting does not burn out like traditional light sources; instead, it slowly fades over time. Often, when buying an LED fixture, you will see the inscription “50,000 hours to 70 percent” (“L70″). This means you can expect LED lighting to last at least 50,000 hours, by which time it will be at least 70 percent of its original power (down 30 percent). The long lamp life combined with the low power used to create the light is what makes this technology so promising.

One of the best things about LED technology is that it allows you to create your own custom lighting design using different color temperatures, brightness, warmth and efficiencies.

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)
Most LED fixtures offer a choice of color temperatures in various shades of white. This temperature, or CCT, is measured in degrees Kelvin (K) on a scale of 1,000 to 10,000. The higher the Kelvin, the closer the luminaire’s color rendering is to real sunlight. Warmer whites typically have a temperature of 3000K or lower, while neutral whites typically have a temperature of 4000K. Temperatures of 5000K and above on the Kelvin scale result in “cool” white light. Typically, the Kelvin temperature for commercial and residential lighting fixtures is somewhere between 2500K and 5000K. It is important to consider color temperature when choosing a light fixture so that the look and feel of the light matches the mood and atmosphere you are trying to create.

Color rendering index (CRI)
The CRI scale gained popularity as LEDs became more widely used in homes. CRI goes hand in hand with color temperature in choosing the right lighting for your application. Basically, CRI is an assessment of how well a light source renders the colors of objects in their natural form. Think of it this way: in today’s social media world, we’re used to seeing things shown through various filters and apps that change how an object or item looks in real life. The goal of CRI is to remove the filters and accurately display colors as they are, from a piece of art hanging on the wall to food being prepared in the kitchen. On a CRI scale of 1 to 100, LED light sources with a CRI of 90+ are considered the best in terms of color rendering. The higher the CRI, the more accurate colors will appear under LED lighting.

Power and luminous flux (watts and lumens)
When shopping for LED lighting, you often see lumens and watts being used together. For example, Lm/W = lumens per watt. Many people think of watts as a measure of light output. In fact, it is the number of lumens that is used to measure the “perceived power” of light. The more lumens, the brighter the light appears. A watt is a unit of electrical power that measures the amount of energy you use, which is what you pay for on your utility bills.

“Lumens per watt” is an important consideration when buying LED lighting. For example, a certain LED lamp can consume as little as 9 watts while providing 1000 lumens. At the same time, an equivalent incandescent lamp consumes 100 watts to produce the same number of lumens.

Dimming
Lighting control is becoming more and more popular, as is consumer demand for a smart home. Being able to adjust the level of light in a room is very important, so we recommend using dimmers wherever possible. Good LED lighting manufacturers use dimmable LEDs, but it’s important to always check this when buying and don’t assume that every fixture is dimmable. Dimming is another way to save energy and reduce operating costs.

Other useful terms
Line voltage and low voltage
Line voltage is the standard voltage used in sockets and junction boxes – 220 V in the post-Soviet space, 110-120 V – in the USA, Canada and a number of European countries. Therefore, line voltage luminaires, in fact, support the principle of “plug-and-play” – “plug and play”.

Low voltage lighting typically uses 12V or 24V and requires a transformer to step down the mains voltage to avoid the low voltage bulb from burning out. The transformer for low-voltage lighting is either built into the light fixture (driver for the lamp) or located separately (power supply for LED strips).

Rating L70/LM80
As mentioned above, L70 is simply a measure of the time it takes a light source to degrade to 70 percent of its original output. LM80 is an approved test method that is used to measure the lumen depreciation of LED light sources.

“Listed as DLC”
In many countries, energy companies offer discounts when a commercial building changes its lighting to LED. DLC is a list of approved LED luminaires used by energy companies to provide these discounts. Your luminaire must be included in this list to receive the discount for switching to LEDs.

IC Rated

IC stands for “insulating contact”. An IC-rated recessed luminaire can be used in an insulated ceiling (e.g. stretch or plasterboard suspended) without the risk of overheating.

As more businesses and homes are switching to LED lighting, it’s important to know what these terms mean when shopping for fixtures. Of course, our team is always ready to help clients if they have questions or need additional information.

Understanding Your Credit Score: The Key to Financial Opportunities

The Essence of a Credit Score
A credit score is akin to a financial report card, reflecting your credit behavior and financial responsibility. Unlike academic grades that typically range from 0 to 100, credit scores have varying scales depending on the credit bureau. In India, the most recognized credit score is provided by CIBIL (Credit Information Bureau India Limited), with a range from 300 to 900. A score above 750 is generally deemed excellent, signaling to lenders that you’re a low-risk borrower.

India’s Credit Rating Bureaus
In India, credit scores are calculated by three primary credit rating agencies: CIBIL, Equifax, and Experian. Each bureau has its own scoring model and range, but CIBIL’s score is the most widely utilized by lenders. A CIBIL score below 750 may suggest potential issues with creditworthiness, prompting lenders to scrutinize the application more closely.

Credit scores are a relatively recent phenomenon in India, but they have been integral to lending decisions in many other countries for a longer period. Over time, credit scores encourage responsible credit use among consumers and enable those with stellar credit histories to access a broader array of financial products and potentially more competitive rates.

How Lenders Leverage Credit Scores
Lenders use an individual’s credit score to gauge the “probability of default,” which indicates the likelihood of a borrower failing to repay a loan based on their past credit usage and repayment history. The data used to calculate credit scores is provided by banks, non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), and other lenders. The CIBIL score, in particular, is a critical tool for lenders when making credit decisions.

The Advantages of a Good Credit Score
Before applying for a loan or any new credit, it’s wise for consumers to understand their credit score. Improving your score can lead to better loan rates and a wider selection of lender offers, enhancing your borrowing power. Conversely, if your credit score isn’t strong, it may be beneficial to focus on building it before seeking new credit accounts.

In India, several institutions offer credit analysis and improvement services. Creditmantri, for example, is one such service that can assist individuals in enhancing their credit scores.

For those seeking advice on credit scores or looking to improve their CIBIL score, resources like the Knowledge Base at Creditmantri can provide valuable information and guidance.

Interesting Statistics and Facts
While the concept of credit scores is well-established, there are intriguing statistics that often go unnoticed:

According to a TransUnion CIBIL report, as of 2020, India had over 220 million credit-active consumers, with the number growing annually.
A study by Experian India revealed that only 15% of Indian consumers frequently check their credit scores, which is low compared to other countries.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated that all credit bureaus, including CIBIL, provide one free credit report per year to individuals, encouraging credit awareness.
Understanding and managing your credit score is crucial for financial health. By staying informed and proactive, you can ensure that your credit score works in your favor, unlocking the full spectrum of financial opportunities available to you.